Note publique d'information : PHENOMENE DE MOUVEMENT, L'HISTOIRE DE L'ADMINISTRATION FRANCAISE NE COMMENCE PAS EN
1789. L'ADMINISTRATION N'EST PAS NEE, EN EFFET, SUR UNE "TABLE RASE" ; POUR COMPRENDRE
L'EVOLUTION DES STRUCTURES ET DES REGLES ADMINISTRATIVES, IL NE FAUT PAS OUBLIER LA
TRADITION JURIDIQUE ISSUE DE L'ANCIEN REGIME. DANS LE MEME SENS, L'ADMINISTRATION
MUNICIPALE MODERNE N'EST PAS NEE EN 1884, NI MEME EN 1789 : LES PRINCIPES ESSENTIELS
SUR LESQUELLES REPOSENT LES STRUCTURES COMMUNALES, LES COMPETENCES MUNICIPALES ET
LE CONTROLE EXERCE SUR LES AUTORIETES MUNICIPALES ONT ETE DECOUVERTS DES LE MILIEU
DU XVIIIE SIECLE, APPLIQUES SOUS DIFFERENTES FORMES PENDANT LA PERIODE REVOLUTIONNAIRE
ET SYSTEMATISES DANS LA PREMIERE MOITIE DU XIXE SIECLE. RESULTAT D'UNE SEDIMENTATION
PROGRESSIVE, L'ENTITE COMMUNALE QUE NOUS CONNAISSONS AUJOURD'HUI EST LE PRODUIT D'UNE
EVOLUTION CONTINUE, EVOLUTION A LAQUELLE DES TEXTES DONNENT UN RYTHME : 1764, 1787,
1789 ET 1800 REPRESENTENT LES CESURES DE CETTE EVOLUTION, COMPRISE ENTRE 1750 ET 1837,
QUI CONSTITUE LA PREMIERE NAISSANCE DE L'ADMINISTRATION MUNICIPALE MODERNE. LA LOI
DU 5 AVRIL 1884, CODIFICATION PRECISE ET COMPLETE DE REGLES EPARSES, N'EN EST QUE
LA SECONDE NAISSANCE.
Note publique d'information : CONSTANTLY ON THE MOVE, THE HISTORY OF FRENCH ADMINISTRATION DOES NOT START IN 1789.
INDEED, OUR ADMINISTRATION WAS NOT BORN ON A TABULA RASA, AND IF THE EVOLUTION OF
ITS STRUCTURES AND THAT OF ADMINISTRATIVE RULES ARE TO BE UNDERSTOOD, ONE HAS TO BEAR
IN MIND THE LEGAL TRADITION ORIGINATING FROM THE ANCIEN REGIME. LIKEWISE, MODERN LOCAL
ADMINISTRATION WAS BORN NEITHER IN 1884 NOR EVEN IN 1789 : THE BASIC TENETS ON WHICH
LOCAL STRUCTURES ARE ESTABLISHED, LOCAL COMPETENCES, AND THE CONTROL EXERCISED OVER
LOCAL AUTHORITIES WERE ALL DISCOVERED AS EARLY AS THE MID-18TH CENTURY, APPLIED UNDER
VARIOUS FORMS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA, AND BECAUME THE RULE DURING THE FIRST
HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY. THE RESULT OF A GRADUAL ACCUMULATION, TODAY'S LOCAL ENTITY
IS THE BYPRODUCT OF AN UNBROKEN EVOLUTION, THE PACE OF WHICH IS SET BY STATUTES :
1764, 1787, 1789 AND 1800 ARE THE MILESTONES IN THIS EVOLUTION, RANGING FROM 1750
TO 1837, WHICH CONSITUTES THE FIRST BIRTH OF MODERN LOCAL ADMINISTRATION. THE ACT
OF APRIL 5TH, 1884, WHICH CODIFIES SUNDRY RULES IN A PRECISE AND EXTENSIVE WAY, ONLY
MARKS ITS SECOND BIRTH.
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