{"record":{"leader":"cx  r22     2  45","datafield":[{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"20171021afrey50      ba0"},"tag":100},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"fre"},{"code":"a","content":"eng"},{"code":2,"content":"639-2"}],"tag":101},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":2015},"tag":103},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"k"},{"code":"f","content":"fre"}],"tag":104},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":0},{"code":"b","content":"#"},{"code":"c","content":"#"}],"tag":106},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"AFNOR"},"tag":152},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"Oeuvre Textuelle"},"tag":189},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0"},{"code":"t","content":"Culturomique, un nouvel outil d'analyse de microbiotes impliqués dans la pathogenèse ou la transmission de maladies infectieuses"}],"tag":241},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":"a","content":"Le microbiote digestif humain joue un rôle essentiel et bénéfique pour son hôte mais il est également impliqué dans un nombre croissant de pathologies. Les connaissances sur la composition de cet écosystème ont récemment été révolutionnées grâce à l\u2019utilisation de techniques moléculaires. Cependant, ces techniques comportent des limites importantes. C\u2019est ainsi que le concept de « culturomique » a été introduit ; il consiste en la multiplication de milieux et conditions de culture et l\u2019identification rapide de colonies bactériennes par spectrométrie de masse (MALDITOF) ou par amplification et séquençage du gène de l\u2019ARN ribosomal 16S. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence une association entre la présence de Clostridium butyricum dans les selles et la survenue d\u2019entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante que ce soit par méthodes de pyroséquençage et culture ou par PCR quantitative en temps réel spécifique de C. butyricum; identifié après séquençage du génome complet de toutes nos souches de C. butyricum, la présence du gène de la β-hémolysine (toxine). Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons montré par cuturomique que les bactéries à Gram-négatif (BGN) étaient fréquemment disséminées au sein du microbiote cutané transitoire des patients hospitalisés en réanimation ; le réservoir serait essentiellement digestif. En conclusion, le microbiote digestif constitue un réservoir sousestimé de bactéries pathogènes. La microbiologie moderne incluant les nouvelles méthodes de culture permet d\u2019étendre de manière considérable les connaissances sur la composition de cet écosystème et son implication en pathologie humaine."}],"tag":300},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":"a","content":"He human gut microbiota plays an important and beneficial role in its host but it is also involved in a growing number of diseases. Knowledge of the composition of this ecosystem have recently been revolutionized by the use of molecular techniques. However, these techniques have significant limitations. Thus, the concept of \"culturomics\" has been introduced; it consists of the multiplication of culture conditions and the rapid identification of bacterial colonies by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or by PCR 16S RNA gene sequencing. In the first part of this work, we have demonstrated an association between the presence of Clostridium butyricum in the stool and the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis whether by pyrosequencing methods and Culture or by quantitative PCR specific real time C. butyricum; identified after sequencing the complete genome of all our strains of C. butyricum, the presence of the gene of β-hemolysin (toxin). In the second part of this work, we showed by cuturomics that Gram-negative bacteria (BGN) were frequently spread out over the transitional skin microbiota of patients hospitalized in intensive care; the reservoir would essentially digestive. In conclusion, the gut microbiota is an underestimated reservoir of pathogenic bacteria. Modern microbiology including new culture-based methods is currently extending exponentially our knowledge on gut microbiota giving rise to new insights into the pathogenesis or the transmission of infectious diseases."}],"tag":300},{"ind2":0,"ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"b","content":"Thèse de doctorat"},{"code":"c","content":"Pathologie humaine. 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