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Mars 1366 : latent depuis une quinzaine d'années, le conflit avec Henri comte de Trastamare, fils bâtard d'Alphonse XI et de Leonor de Guzman, exécutée par Pierre ainsi que plusieurs de leurs enfants, dégénère en guerre civile. Henri se proclame roi. Pierre le Cruel se réfugie en Gascogne où il obtient l'appui du prince de Galles Edouard. Avril 1367 : Pierre bat son rival à Nájera. Henri de Trastamare fait alliance avec la France (Louis, duc d'Anjou, frère de Charles V, son lieutenant en Languedoc), suite à la mort suspecte de l'épouse française de Pierre le Cruel, Blanche de Bourbon, en 1361. Du Guesclin et ses compagnies se mettent au service d'Henri. Mars 1369 : à Montiel, Pierre le Cruel est battu, s'enferme dans la forteresse, et est tué par Henri le 23 mars (Encycl. universalis (art. : Pierre Ier le Cruel ou le Justicier, 1334-1369, roi de Castille 1350-1369)) ou la nuit du 27 au 28 mars? (d'après Pérez), après avoir été attiré à l'extérieur par Du Guesclin. 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