{"record":{"leader":"cx  r22     2  45","datafield":[{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"20230217afrey50      ba0"},"tag":100},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"eng"},{"code":2,"content":"639-2"}],"tag":101},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":2022},"tag":103},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"k"},{"code":"f","content":"fre"}],"tag":104},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":0},{"code":"b","content":"#"},{"code":"c","content":"#"}],"tag":106},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"AFNOR"},"tag":152},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"Oeuvre Textuelle"},"tag":189},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0"},{"code":"t","content":"Postnatal development and evolution of the rodents' craniofacial complex"}],"tag":241},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":"a","content":"La compréhension des mécanismes de développement dans l\u2019évolution est cruciale pour appréhender la diversification des organismes. Chez les mammifères, des changements se produisent tout au long du développement (prénatal et postnatal). La croissance postnatale joue un rôle essentiel dans l\u2019acquisition de la forme adulte. Durant cette période, le complexe craniofacial subit de nombreux changements de contraintes fonctionnelles obligeant les différents tissus à s\u2019adapter tout en s\u2019ajustant, tout au long de la croissance et au stade adulte, à un certain niveau de performance fonctionnelle. Ces différentes interactions développementales répondent à plusieurs facteurs forçants tels que les processus moléculaires, génétiques et cellulaires mais aussi l\u2019environnement. Ce dernier va jouer sur ces interactions, mais de manière différente entre les phases prénatale et postnatale, car l\u2019environnement gestationnel et l\u2019environnement à la naissance sont différents. Pour tester les interactions entre l\u2019organisme en développement et son environnement et les conséquences potentielles sur l\u2019évolution, les Rodentia constituent un bon exemple de grande diversité à tous égards (grande variété de formes, de régimes alimentaires, de comportements et d\u2019écologie) et donc un groupe d\u2019étude de choix. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un ordre de mammifères très diversifié et disparate, dans lequel des changements peuvent être observés à grande échelle. En outre, ce groupe comprend plusieurs organismes modèles qui peuvent être facilement élevés en laboratoire, afin de tester les effets de diverses sources de variation grâce à des protocoles expérimentaux précis. Le complexe craniofacial est une structure hautement intégrée, complexe sur le plan architectural, car il est composé de nombreux éléments squelettiques, et sur le plan fonctionnel, car il participe à diverses tâches essentielles pour l\u2019organisme. En même temps, et de façon quelque peu paradoxale, cet ensemble est très évolvable et présente une grande diversité de formes. La base de la variation de la forme craniofaciale et son contrôle sont autant liés aux effets additifs des gènes qu\u2019à leurs interactions épigénétiques et contextuelles au cours du développement. Ces interactions épigénétiques pendant la croissance vont répondre aux stimuli mécaniques et autres, entre les centres d\u2019ossification, les tissus et les organes qui composent la tête. En particulier, ces interactions contrôlent la spatialisation et l\u2019intensité du remodelage osseux en réponse aux contraintes subies par les autres tissus. Elles vont ainsi compenser et coordonner la croissance des différents tissus et organes afin d\u2019acquérir et/ou de maintenir certaines fonctions, comme l\u2019occlusion entre les mâchoires supérieure et inférieure. Ces interactions épigénétiques sont donc essentielles au développement normal du squelette en général et du crâne en particulier. En répondant aux changements de forces et de mouvements, elles seront un moteur potentiel de changements microévolutifs (et donc macroévolutifs) au niveau morphologique favorisant des directions adaptatives de variation et générant de nouvelles covariations fonctionnelles entre les traits. Malgré ce rôle central, l\u2019importance de ces interactions dans l\u2019expression des différences interspécifiques et à plus long terme dans la dynamique des clades reste mal comprise. L\u2019analyse du rythme d\u2019acquisition de la disparité chez l\u2019adulte au cours de l\u2019ontogenèse est un élément clé pour comprendre le remplissage différentiel de l\u2019espace des formes par les clades. Ce projet a visé à étudier I) la mise en place de la disparité craniofaciale chez les rongeurs au cours du développement à échelle macroévolutive, puis à une échelle taxonomique plus fine ; et II) d\u2019évaluer l\u2019importance des processus épigénétiques lors de cette croissance postnatale."}],"tag":300},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":"a","content":"Understanding developmental mechanisms in evolution is crucial to apprehend the diversification of organismal forms. In mammals, changes occur during all development phases (prenatal and postnatal). Postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the craniofacial complex undergoes many changes in functional constraint forcing the different tissue to accommodate while adjusting, along the growth and at the adult stage, to a certain level of functional performance. These different developmental interactions respond to several influencing factors such as molecular, genetic and cellular processes but also the environment. The latter will play on these interactions, but in different ways between the prenatal and postnatal phases, as gestational environment and environment at birth are different. For testing the interactions between the developing organism and its environment and the potential evolutionary consequences, Rodentia is a good example of broad diversity in all aspects (wide variety of forms, in diets, behavior and ecology) and thus a study group of choice. It is a very diverse and disparate mammal order, in which changes can be observed on a large scale. In addition, it includes model organisms that can be easily reared in laboratory following a precise experimental configuration to test the effects of diverse sources of variation. The craniofacial complex is a highly integrated structure, architecturally complex, as it is composed of many skeletal elements, and functionally, as it is involved in various tasks essential to the organism. At the same time, and somewhat paradoxically, this unit is highly scalable and presents a great diversity of forms. The basis of craniofacial shape variation and its control are as much, related to the additive effects of genes as to their epigenetic and context-specific interactions during development. These epigenetic interactions during growth will respond to mechanical and other stimuli between the ossification centers, the tissues and organs making up the head. In particular, these interactions control the spatialization and intensity of bone remodeling in response to other tissue strain. They will thus compensate and coordinate the growth of the different tissues and organs in order to acquire and/or maintain certain functions, such as the occlusion between the upper and lower jaws. These epigenetic interactions are thus essential to the normal development of the skeleton in general and the skull in particular. By responding to changes in forces and movements, they will be a potential driver of microevolutionary changes (and thus macroevolutionary changes) at the morphological level favoring adaptive directions of variation and generating new functional covariations between traits. Despite this central role, the importance of these interactions in the expression of inter-specific differences and in the longer term in the dynamics of clades remains poorly understood. Analysis of the tempo of adult disparity acquisition during ontogeny is a key element in understanding the differential filling of the shape space by clades. This project aimed I) at studying the establishment of craniofacial disparity in rodents during development on a macroevolutionary scale and then on a finer taxonomic scale; and II) at estimating the importance of the epigenetic processes during this postnatal growth."}],"tag":300},{"ind2":0,"ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"b","content":"Thèse de doctorat"},{"code":"c","content":"Paléontologie"},{"code":"e","content":"Bourgogne Franche-Comté"},{"code":"d","content":2022}],"tag":328},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0"},{"code":"t","content":"Développement postnatal et évolution du complexe craniofacial chezles rongeurs"}],"tag":441},{"ind2":1,"ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":3,"content":257597433},{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba06"},{"code":"a","content":"Dubied"},{"code":"b","content":"Morgane"},{"code":"f","content":"1994-...."},{"code":4,"content":"070"}],"tag":501},{"ind2":1,"ind1":" 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