{"record":{"leader":"cx  j22     3  45","datafield":[{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb182158336"},{"code":2,"content":"BNF"},{"code":"d","content":20250430}],"tag":"033"},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":"FRBNF182158332"},{"code":"z","content":"FRBNF18215833"},{"code":"d","content":20250430}],"tag":"035"},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"a","content":"20250528afrey50      ba0"},"tag":100},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":"a","content":2},{"code":"b","content":1},{"code":"c","content":1}],"tag":106},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":{"code":"b","content":"rameau"},"tag":152},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":9,"content":"#"},{"code":"a","content":"Massacre de Kražiai (Lituanie ; 1893)"}],"tag":250},{"ind2":" ","ind1":" ","subfield":[{"code":7,"content":"ba0yba0y"},{"code":"a","content":"1891 : les autorités du tsar Alexandre III ordonnent la fermeture du couvent bénédictin et de l'église paroissiale de Kraziai, petite ville lituanienne, centre de culture catholique depuis le 14e siècle. Juin 1893 : le gouvernement russe décide de démolir l'église du monastère et rejette la pétition des fidèles de la récupérer comme église paroissiale. Les Catholiques occupent l'église pour empêcher l'enlèvement des objets sacrés. 10 novembre (21 novembre) 1893 : le général Nicolai Klingenberg, gouverneur de Kaunas, arrive avec un détachement de 60 policiers pour expulser les paroissiens, mais il est dépassé en nombre par les manifestants de la ville et se réfugie dans l'église. Le lendemain, des Cosaques (environ 300) en renfort prennent d'assaut l'église, dispersent brutalement les fidèles jusqu'à les pousser dans la rivière où certains se noient, arrêtent tout le monde, donnent des coups de fouet en public et attaquent les villages aux alentours. D'après la presse lituanienne et d'autres sources, on compte 9 morts et de nombreux femmes victimes de viol et de nombreux blessés. Certaines des victimes parmi les paysans locaux meurent des suites du fouet. 1894 : un procès de 71 catholiques paysans (55 hommes, 16 femmes), défendus par des avocats libéraux russes a lieu à Vilnius et embarrasse le gouvernement du tsar, qui apparait responsable des morts. 34 des accusés sont acquittés. La plupart des autres obtiennent finalement une amnistie de Nicolas II lors de son accession au trône. 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