Note publique d'information : LA DECENTRALISATION IMPLIQUE L'ATTRIBUTION DE COMPETENCES DE L'ETAT AUX COLLECTIVITES
LOCALES. MAIS DANS LE SECTEUR CULTUREL, DES COMPARAISONS EUROPEENNES MONTRENT LA DIFFICULTE
QUE RENCONTRENT TOUS LES PAYS POUR REPARTIR LES COMPETENCES PAR DOMAINES. UNE AUTRE
METHODE CONSISTE A CROISER LES APPROCHES FONCTIONNELLE ET TERRITORIALE AFIN DE DETERMINER
LES RESPONSABILITES ET LES CHARGES DE CHAQUE COLLECTIVITE PUBLIQUE. EN L'APPLIQUANT
EN FRANCE, ON PEUT RECHERCHER UN MEILLEUR AMENAGEMENT ET DEVELOPPEMENT CULTURELS DU
TERRITOIRE, A CONDITION D'UNE COOPERATION RENFORCEE. IL FAUT, D'UNE PART POURSUIVRE
DANS LA VOIE DE LA CONTRACTUALISATION INITIEE PAR L'ETAT, AVEC LES CONVENTIONS DE
DEVELOPPEMENT CULTUREL ET LES CONTRATS DE PLAN ETAT- REGION, EN L'ETENDANT AUX COLLECTIVITES
LOCALES ENTRE ELLES ET AVEC L'ETAT DECONCENTRE. IL CONVIENT, D'AUTRE PART, DE CONSIDERER
LES NOUVEAUX PARTENAIRES ET LES NOUVEAUX TERRITOIRES QUI EMERGENT EN VERTU DU PRINCIPE
DE SUBSIDIARITE. LES AUTORITES REGIONALES SONT DEVENUES LES RELAIS DES ACTIONS CULTURELLES
ET DES POLITIQUES REGIONALES COMMUNAUTAIRES. DES COOPERATIONS INTERREGIONALES ET TRANSFRONTALIERES
PEUVENT ALORS SE DESSINER. LES COMMUNES, QUANT A ELLES, SONT INVITEES A SE REGROUPER
EN INTERCOMMUNALITES DE PROXIMITE OU EN RESEAUX, EN S'APPUYANT SUR LES ACTEURS CULTURELS.
LES VILLES DOIVENT PAR AILLEURS PRENDRE DAVANTAGE EN COMPTE LEURS QUARTIERS ET LEURS
PERIPHERIES URBAINES ET RURALES. LES "PAYS" ET LES AGGLOMERATIONS SONT PEUT-ETRE LES
TERRITOIRES DE DEMAIN, MAIS IL FAUT ALORS DISTINGUER L'ACTION CULTURELLE DE PROXIMITE
DES POLITIQUES CULTURELLES STRUCTURANTES AU MOYEN D'EQUIPEMENTS ET DE MANIFESTATIONS
D'ENVERGURE, EN FONCTION DE LEUR AIRE DE RAYONNEMENT.
Note publique d'information : DECENTRALIZATION IMPLIES THE ATTRIBUTION OF STATE POWER TO REGIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
BUT IN THE CULTURAL SECTOR, EUROPEAN COMPARISONS SHOW THE DIFFICULTY IN DISTRIBUTING
POWERS ACCORDING TO DOMAINS OF ACTIVITY. ANOTHER METHOD CONSISTS IN HAVING THE FUNCTIONAL
AND THE TERRITORIAL APPROACHES OVERLAP IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHICH CULTURAL ROLES
AND FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY HAS TO ASSUME. IN APPLYING THIS METHOD
TO FRANCE, ONE CAN AIM FOR A BETTER CULTURAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL
AND LOCAL AREAS, ON THE CONDITION OF HAVING A REINFORCED COOPERATION. ONE MUST, ON
THE ONE HAND, STAY ON THE ROAD OF ESTABLISHING CONTRACTS, INITIATED BY THE GOVERNMENT,
ALREADY INCLUDING PLANIFICATION CONTRACTS BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE REGIONS AND CULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS WITH ALL KINDS OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES, BY EXTENDING THEM TO CONTRACTS
AMONG THEMSELVES AND WITH THE DECONCENTRATED STATE. ONE SHOULD, ON THE OTHER HAND,
CONSIDER THE INCLUSION OF NEW PARTNERS AND TERRITORIAL ENTITIES THAT ARE EMERGING
BY VIRTUE OF THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE. REGIONAL (STATE AND DECENTRALIZED) AUTHORITIES
HAVE BECOME INTERMEDIARIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION CULTURAL ACTIONS AND REGIONAL POLICIES,
THAT CAN BE ALSO TRANSFRONTIER OR INTERREGIONAL. COMMUNES, FOR THEIR PART, ARE INVITED
TO WORK TOGETHER AS NEARBY NEIGHBOURS OR IN A NETWORK, RELYING ON THEIR CULTURAL ACTORS.
FURTHERMORE, TOWNS AND CITIES MUST MORE INTENSELY TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THEIR NEIGHBOURHOODS,
SUBURBS AND RURAL SURROUNDINGS. GEOGRAPHICAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL SUBREGIONS
("PAYS" IN FRANCE) AND METROPOLITAN AREAS ARE PERHAPS THE IMPORTANT ENTITIES OF THE
FUTURE, BUT ONE MUST THEN DISTINGUISH THE CULTURAL ACTIONS IN THE PROXIMITY FROM THE
STRUCTURING CULTURAL POLICIES WITH LARGESCALE MEANS AND WIDE-RANGING EVENTS, ACCORDING
TO THEIR AREAS OF INFLUENCE.
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