Note publique d'information : FACE A L'ESPAGNE, TRES PRESENTE DANS LA PENINSULE ITALIENNE AU XVIE SIECLE, VENISE
S'ERIGEAIT EN REMPART D'UNE ITALIE LIBRE SOUCIEUSE D'ECHAPPER A L'INFLUENCE HISPANIQUE.
DE PLUS, LA SERENISSIME JOUISSAIT D'UNE INTENSE ACTIVITE INTELLECTUELLE ET DES ESPAGNOLS
COMME L'AMBASSADEUR HURTADO DE MENDOZA ET LE TRADUCTEUR ULLOA FAVORISERENT LA CIRCULATION
DES IDEES ENTRE LES DEUX PENINSULES. AFIN DE SAVOIR QUELLE PLACE ACCORDAIT LA PRODUCTION
VENITIENNE A LA MATIERE ESPAGNOLE NOUS AVONS REDIGE UN CATALOGUE DE 827 OCCURRENCES
(ORIGINAUX ET TRADUCTIONS EDITES DE 1540 A 1600). L'INFLUENCE ESPAGNOLE EST SURTOUT
PERCEPTIBLE DANS LES OUVRAGES DE TYPE HISTORIQUE, ROMANESQUE ET RELIGIEUX MEME SI
D'AUTRES GENRES FURENT REPRESENTES. LE PUBLIC ETAIT INTERESSE PAR LES GUERRES QUI
SE DEROULAIENT AU NORD (PROTESTANTS) ET AU SUD (INFIDELES), D'AUTANT PLUS QUE L'ON
ASSISTAIT ALORS EN ITALIE A LA RENAISSANCE DU MYTHE IMPERIAL INCARNE PAR CHARLES QUINT.
LE NOUVEAU MONDE FIT EGALEMENT COULER BEAUCOUP D'ENCRE, MAIS CE FURENT LES OUVRAGES
RELIGIEUX QUI REMPORTERENT LE PLUS DE SUCCES, EN PARTICULIER CEUX QUI EXALTAIENT LA
CONTRE REFORME TRIOMPHANTE MEME SI ON EDITA A VENISE DES "HETERODOXES" CONVAINCUS
COMME VALDES. LES INDEX DES LIVRES INTERDITS EURENT UNE IMPORTANCE CAPITALE. LES TRADUCTEURS
JOUERENT UN ROLE DECISIF. LES ESPAGNOLS NE CONCEVAIENT PAS D'EMPIRE SANS DOMINATION
LINGUISTIQUE ET LES ITALIENS PRIVILEGIAIENT LA RENTABILITE EN CULTIVANT LA LANGUE
DES "DOMINATEURS" ETRANGERS. CERTAINS FIRENT PREUVE D'UNE GRANDE CAPACITE D'INVENTION
ET PARFOIS MEME D'UN MANQUE EVIDENT DE SCRUPULES (OUVRAGES APOCRYPHES, COMPILATIONS
ARBITRAIRES). ON METTAIT TOUT EN OEUVRE POUR VENDRE ET LES DEDICATAIRES (ESPAGNOLS
ET ITALIENS) SERVAIENT A APLANIR LES DIFFERENDS ENTRE LES DEUX PENINSULES.
Note publique d'information : IN OPPOSITION TO SPAIN WHO WAS VERY PRESENT IN THE ITALIAN PENINSULA IN THE XVI, VENICE
WAS THE BULWARK OF FREEDOM IN ITALY. MOREOVER, IN THE SERENISSIMA THERE WAS AN INTENSE
INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY AND THE SPANISH AMBASSADOR HURTADO DE MENDOZA AND THE TRANSLATOR
ULLOA FAVOURED THE CIRCULATION OF THE IDEAS BETWEEN SPAIN AND ITALY. IN ORDER TO KNOW
WHAT PLACE THE SPANISH MATTER HAD IN THE VENITIAN PUBLISHING TRADE WE COMPOSED A CATALOGUE
OF 827 OCCURRENCES (ORIGINALS AND TRADUCTIONS FROM 1540 TO 1600). THE SPANISH INFLUENCE
IS CLEAR IN HISTORIC, FABULOUS AND RELIGIOUS WORKS, THOUGH THERE WERE OTHER KINDS
OF BOOKS. THE PUBLIC WAS INTERESTED BY THE WARS IN THE NORTH (PROTESTANTS) AND BY
THOSE IN THE SOUTH (INFIDELS). MOREOVER, ITALY KNEW THE REVIVAL OF THE IMPERIAL MYTH
INCARNATED BY CHARLES V. THE NEW WORLD WAS VERY INTERESTING TOO, BUT THE RELIGIOUS
BOOKS WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL, PARTICULARY THOSE THAT EXALTED THE COUNTER REFORMATION.
HOWEVER "HETERODOXES", LIKE JUAN DE VALDES, WERE ALSO PUBLISHED. THE INDEX OF FORBIDDEN
BOOKS HAD A CAPITAL IMPORTANCE. THE TRANSLATORS PLAYED A PROMINENT PART IN THE PUBLISHING
WORLD. THE SPANISH DID NOT IMAGINE AN EMPIRE WITHOUT THEIR OWN LINGUISTIC DOMINATION
AND ITALIANS SAW THE PROFITS AND CULTIVATED THE LANGUAGE OF DOMINANT SPAIN. SOME OF
BOTH GAVE PROOF OF GREAT, THOUGH SOMETIMES UNSCRUPULOUS, CAPACITY FOR INVENTION (SPURIOUS
WORKS, ARBITRARY COMPILATIONS). PUBLISHERS WOULD DO ANYTHING IN ORDER TO SELL THESE
BOOKS WHICH WERE OFTEN DEDICATED TO THE SPANISH AND THE ITALIANS TO IRON OUT THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE TWO PENINSULAS.
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