Note publique d'information : DANS L'ANTIQUITE, AU MOYEN AGE ET PENDANT PRESQUE TOUTE LA PERIODE "NEO-CLASSIQUE",
LES THEORIES LITTERAIRES REPOSENT TOUTES SUR L'IDEE QUE LE BEAU EST UNIQUE, ABSOLU,
CODIFIABLE ET REPERABLE. CEPENDANT, AU COURS DU XVIIIE SIECLE, ON COMMENCE A SE DEMANDER
SI LE BEAU EST ABSOLU OU RELATIF. IL DEVIENT, EN EFFET, DE PLUS EN PLUS DIFFICILE,
AU COURS DU XVIIIE SIECLE, DE PRETENDRE QUE LES DIVERS CHEFS-D'OEUVRE LITTERAIRES
DE L'OCCIDENT REPONDENT A UNE SEULE DEFINITION DE LA BEAUTE. C'EST AINSI QUE HERDER,
D'ABORD, ET ENSUITE LES THEORICIENS DU XIXE SIECLE EN SONT ARRIVES AU RELATIVISME
ESTHETIQUE. EN TENANT COMPTE DE CE CONTEXTE GENERAL, CETTE THESE ETUDIE LA GENESE
DU RELATIVISME CHEZ LES PRINCIPAUX CRITIQUES ET ECRIVAINS ALLEMANDS, ANGLAIS ET FRANCAIS
DU XVIIIE SIECLE. ELLE APPARAIT PRINCIPALEMENT DANS LES DISCUSSIONS QUI CONCERNENT
L'EMOTION ESTHETIQUE, LE GENIE, LES REGLES, L'ORIGINALITE, L'IMAGINATION, LA "MIMESIS",
LE GOUT, LE SUBLIME ET LES DIVERSITES HISTORIQUES ET GEOGRAPHIQUES, DISCUSSIONS QUI
ONT DONNE SON PLAN A CETTE THESE. ELLE S'EFFORCE, EN OUTRE, DE DEFINIR LA PROBLEMATIQUE
GENERALE DE LA QUESTION DU BEAU SINGULIER OU PLURIEL.
Note publique d'information : IN THE ANTIQUITY, IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND IN ALMOST THE WHOLE OF THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD,
THE THEORIES OF LITERATURE WERE ALL GROUNDED ON THE BELIEF THAT THE BEAUTIFUL IS SINGLE,
ABSOLUTE, OPEN TO DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION. IN THE COURSE OF THE XVIIITH CENTURY,
HOWEVER, SOME PEOPLE STARTED TO WONDER WHETHER THIS CONCEPT WAS ABSOLUTE OR RELATIVE.
ACCORDINGLY, THIS PERIOD WITNESSES A GROWING PERPLEXITY AS TO STATING THAT THE MASTERPIECES
OF THE WESTERN WORLD ALL CONFORM TO A SINGLE DEFINITION OF BEAUTY. THUS DID HERDER
FIRST, THEN THE XIXTH CENTURY THEORISTS COME TO A FORM OF AESTHETIC RELATIVISM. WITHIN
THIS GENERAL CONTEXT, THE PRESENT THESIS AIMS AT STUDYING THE BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF RELATIVISM IN THE MAIN GERMAN, ENGLISH AND FRENCH CRITICS AND WRITERS OF THE XVIIITH
CENTURY. THIS CONCEPTION IS TO BE FOUND PRINCIPALLY IN THE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE FEELING
OF BEAUTY, GENIUS, THE SUBLIME TOGETHER WITH HISTORICAL OR GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSITY:
SUCH DISCUSSIONS HAVE OUTLINED THE CONSTRUCTION OF THIS THESIS, WHICH, ADDITIONALLY,
STRIVES TO DEFINE THE TERMS OF THE PROBLEMATIC NATURE OF BEAUTY - SINGLE OR PLURAL.
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